Abiotic components
Weather
Climate - Temperature
and moisture most important. Climograph - Image
Uneven heating of
Earth's surface - Image and Fig 37.12
Atmospheric
circulation and Fig 37.13
Elevation and latitude Fig 37.14
Effect
of nearby bodies of water on temperature on land
Rainshadow effect - Image and Fig. 37.15
This image shows the distribution of major aquatic biomes
More than 97% of earth's water is in oceans
Water
in the Biosphere (modified from Wetzel 1983). Do NOT memorize.
|
Location |
Volume
(km 3 x 1000) |
% of
total |
Renewal
time |
|
Oceans |
1,370,000 |
97.61 |
3100 yrs |
|
Polar ice, glaciers |
29,000 |
2.08 |
16,000 yrs |
|
4000 |
0.29 |
300 yrs |
|
|
Freshwater lakes |
125 |
0.009 |
1-100 yrs |
|
Saline lakes |
104 |
0.008 |
10-1000
yrs |
|
Soil |
67 |
0.005 |
280 days |
|
Rivers |
1.2 |
0.00009 |
12-20 days |
|
Atmosphere |
14 |
0.0009 |
9 days |
Ocean
circulation Fig.
37.16
Two
major zones based on light penetration - Image
photic
aphotic
Major Kinds
of Oceanic Habitats
Shallow waters Lower
littoral and mid-littoral
Estuaries - Image
continental
shelf
open sea surface
deep sea waters Fig 31.20
deep sea hydrothermal vents - a black
smoker - Tubeworms -
The movie
Coral Reefs - image - The Movie
Lakes subdivided into
three zones
by light penetration - Fig. 37.23
- photic vs. aphotic zones
Littoral zone
Limnetic zone
Profundal zone
Lakes
exhibit thermal
stratification (layering)
- Fig.
37.24
thermocline
water most dense at 4o C
turnover
Colder areas with 2 turnovers each year
In Texas and other warm areas, only one mixing per year
Lakes
Divided into Productivity Categories
Oligotrophic
lakes - Image
Mesotrophic lakes
Eutrophic
lakes - Image and
streams Fig
37.21
Lakes
temporary
Go through succession
Oligotrophic > mesotrophic > eutrophic
> marsh > land
Marshes and swamps (freshwater wetlands) constitute
intermediate zones
- Image
Flowing
waters: Rivers and streams - image
rivers and streams much older and more
permanent
Dams - Image
