Remember that I do not guarantee that I did not miss a point or two in making this review. Your best sources for studying are the lecture outlines from the web and your notes from lecture. Use the textbook as a reference for the subjects we covered in class. There will be no images to label.

Biodiversity

Three components of biodiversity

Two components of species diversity

How many species are described in the literature and how many are thought to exist on earth?

Explain geographical patterns of species richness

What is biogeography

List the reasons for preserving species

What are characters of extinction-prone species

What are the genetic problems faced by small populations

Explain the extinction vortex

Explain captive propagation and give examples

Explain the things a landscape ecologist takes into consideration as a new preserve is established.

Endangered Species

Be able to define: Extinct species, Extant species, Endangered species, Extirpated species, Threatened species

Why is the Endangered Species Act of 1973 so important to environmentalists trying to protect certain areas?

Extinction of megafauna of North America about 11,000 years ago: know ones in bold type

Recent extinctions in North America include the passenger pigeon: know ones in bold type and the probable causes.

Know major causes of extinctions and endangerment:

Be familiar with the endangered and threatened species discussed in lecture and the reason for their status if a clear one was mentioned.

Pollution: Causes and Cures

Know sources of major pollutants in air.

What is smog, what causes it and what are it’s consequences?

What is acid rain, what causes it and what are it’s consequences?

What is ozone layer depletion, what causes it and what are it’s consequences?

What is global warming, what causes it and what are it’s consequences?

Explain the difference between the greenhouse effect and global warming.

Be familiar with the energy sources listed. Which ones are renewable? What are some of the pros and cons of each.

Know the difference between point source pollution and non-point source pollution. Know some examples of each.

Explain biological magnification. What chemicals are likely to be magnified?

What are impervious covers and how do they contribute to water pollution?

What are some toxic wastes that can accrue in landfills and dumps and what are their sources?

What are some common recycling items?

What should you never in a landfill:

What are some sources of water pollution?

Habitat Destruction

Understand the causes and consequences of the kinds of habitat destruction

Habitat fragmentation

Deforestation

Soil Erosion

Desertification

Dams

Draining wetlands

Loss to urban areas

Agriculture

Exotic species

Understand these terms:

Native = indigenous

Endemic species

Exotic organism = non-indigenous species = Introduced organism

Feral animal

Invasive species.

Invasive exotic

Currently about 4,000 animal and 2,300 plant species in US

42% of endangered species due to exotics in some way.

Know the common pathways for invasions:

Know the consequences of invasions

Understand that usually introduced species have no predators nor diseases nor competitors in new habitat since they did not evolve in the area and with the natives.

Be familiar with the introduced species listed in the lecture and some of their effects on the native species.

What are some possible solutions and how effective are they?

Human Population Growth

Understand population growth through the ages.

What are some differences between developed nations and developing nations?

What are population pyramids and how can they be useful?

What is:

Total fertility

Zero Population Growth

Negative Population Growth

Understand how increased population means increased use of resources.

Consumptive overpopulation - ecological footprint