• Downstream
cascade initiated by Guanine nucleotide exchange factors leading ultimately to changes in gene transcription by phosphorylation/activation of transcription factors
(special because they require phosphorylation
on both a tyrosine and threonine residue which can only be done by map kinases)
• All MAP kinase
cascades share a common method of operation, and in lymphocytes, the end level Map kinases are called
Extracellular-regulated kinase
(Erk) 1 and 2.
•