Figure 6-17
• Downstream cascade initiated by Guanine nucleotide exchange factors leading ultimately to changes in gene transcription by phosphorylation/activation of transcription factors (special because they require phosphorylation on both a tyrosine and threonine residue which can only be done by map kinases)
• All MAP kinase cascades share a common method of operation, and in lymphocytes, the end level Map kinases are called Extracellular-regulated kinase (Erk) 1 and 2.
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Mitogen Activated Protein kinases (MAP kinases)